1/1/2024 0 Comments Visual image plus![]() The identification of words presented acoustically is unimpaired by auditory and by visual images. In accordance with the theoretical assumption this influence of visual images is confined to the letters which were identified last. The expected influence of visual images on the identification of visual words was found with those Ss which use presumably a time consuming identification strategy. The overt identification response can be affected by a delay only if the identification process cannot be completed within the time limits set by the presentation plus storage time. Therefore the assumption of modality-specific attenuation was extended by assuming a modality-specific delay of identification. It was found that the words were almost always noticed to some extent and that the frequency of unnoticed words was not affected significantly by any images. The mode of presentation (visual - acoustical) and the imagery instruction (visual imagery, auditory imagery and control condition without any images) were varied factorially in independent groups of 18 Ss. This assumption was tested empirically by measuring the influence of visual and auditory images on the identification of words presented visually or acoustically with low signal-to-noise ratio. It was the central thesis of the present study that imagery of a certain modality produces attenuation of the lower-level processing units belonging to this same sensory modality. The independence of imagery from the outer stimulation presupposes that in forming an image the interchange of informations between the processing levels is stopped. An image of an object is formed in part by those higher-level processes which also contribute to the perception of this same object. In modern perception theory, the level of subordinated preattentive processes is distinguished from the superordinate processes operating in a highly selective way during perception a continuous interchange of informations between the two levels is assumed to take place. The sensory quality and the independence from the outer stimulus situation are the two prominent and defining characteristics of images. The experiential characteristics defining an image are explained by comparing images with percepts on the one side and with thoughts on the other side. The primary aim of the present study was to describe the production of imagery in theoretical terms and to test some of the implications of this theory empirically.
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